To understand this procedure, it is helpful to know some upper intestinal tract anatomy. It starts with the food tube or esophagus. This organ moves food down to the stomach with sweeping muscle contractions. At the lower end of the esophagus is a specialized muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES should remain tightly contracted until food or liquid arrives from above. The LES then relaxes, allowing the food and liquid to pass. Then it again becomes tightly contracted. This action prevents stomach acid, bile salts, and enzymes from flowing up into the esophagus, causing symptoms and tissue damage.

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